A group of images from the same acquisition process, including images of different Scan Areas and images of different channels.
Single layer of cells attached to a surface.
Binding strength between the antibody’s binding site and its epitope.
Binding strength between the antibody’s binding site and its epitope.
Ensure a primary antibody is specific to a target.
A substance stimulates the production of and binds to antibodies.
A substance stimulates the production of and binds to antibodies.
A feature in a lane that indicates detection of a protein.
A parallel measurement of biologically distinct and independently generated samples, used to control for biological variation and determine if the experimental
effect is biologically relevant.
A test performed on biologically distinct samples representing an identical time point or treatment, used to control for biological variation and to determine if the experimental effect is biologically relevant.
A solution (often consisting of proteins) that reduces nonspecific antibody binding by binding to areas in a well that are not occupied by cells and by binding to nonspecific interaction sites in/on cells.
Percentage of a container surface covered by the adherent cell line.
Growing cells in a controlled artificial environment.
Process of pipetting a specific number of cells into each well of a multiwell plate.
A cell stain (or whole cell stain) is a label that binds to components of a cell to provide a signal readout that is proportional to the number of cells in a sample for normalization.
A Collection is a group of Acquisitions.
The range of sample loading that produces a linear response between sample loading and signal intensity -- for both the target and internal loading control.
A folder on your computer's hard drive where internal Empiria Studio data will be saved.
A folder on your computer's hard drive where internal LI‑COR Acquisition data will be saved.
Dimethyl Sulfoxide. DMSO is an organic solvent. It is also used as an excipient for many drugs and other active compounds (including IRDye® NHS Esters).
A part of the antigen to which the antibody directly binds.
A part of the antigen to which the antibody directly binds.
A set of samples in an experiment (e.g., controls, replicates, treatments) that serve the same purpose in the experimental design.
This is an abbreviation for Focus Forming Units per milliliter. This is the value measured in a focus forming assay.
Chemically preserving biological specimens to limit degradation, prevent microbial contamination, and to adhere cell monolayers to a glass or plastic surface.
Chemicals that preserve biological specimens by limiting enzymatic degradation and preventing microbial contamination.
An assay for studying viruses that do not produce cytopathic effects, where virus antigens are detected using a fluorescent antibody and fluorescence is visualized using a fluorescent microscope.
A single endogenous protein that is sometimes used as a readout of sample loading.
Compare a target protein to a single unrelated endogenous protein that is present in all samples and is unaffected by experimental conditions or treatment to correct for sample-to-sample and lane-to-lane variation in loading and transfer.
Validate that your primary antibody is both specific and selective to the target antigen.
Analyze your target bands, using your HKP for normalization.
Quantify housekeeping protein signal and compare to reference protein band. If the housekeeping protein signal varies but the reference protein band is constant, the housekeeping protein should not be used for normalization.
Show evidence that your chosen housekeeping protein is stably expressed.
Quantify and compare housekeeping protein signal to total protein stain signal. If the housekeeping protein signal varies compared to the total protein stain, the housekeeping protein should not be used for normalization.
Determine a combined linear range for your target and internal loading control. Accurate quantification requires that your internal loading control and target both be detected within the same linear range.
Determine the range of sample loading that produces a linear signal response for both the target and an internal loading control band (the combined linear range).
Determine the range of sample loading that produces a linear signal response for both the target and the total protein stain (the combined linear range).
Analyze your modified target protein, using the pan-protein for normalization.
Quantify your total protein stain and target. Empiria Studio will normalize the target signal to the total protein stain signal.
The dose at which an organism can reproduce in the host and produce a measurable effect. This effect can include the display of symptoms, the presence of postconvalescence antibody titers, development of cellular immunity, and the presence of nucleic acid incorporation.
Endogenous reference protein(s) that are present in all samples at a stable level and are unaffected by experimental conditions. Signal from detection of a reliable IC should be directly proportional to the number of cells in a well.
Endogenous protein(s) that are unaffected by experimental
conditions and used as an indicator of sample loading.
Endogenous protein that is used as an indicator of sample loading.
Collecting and Presenting Data. Journal of Biological Chemistry. American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Web. 24 September 2018.
A group of bands from the same sample loaded in a gel.
The span of signal intensities that display a linear relationship between amount of protein on the membrane and signal intensity recorded by the detector.
The range of detection that produces a linear, proportional relationship between signal intensity and target quantity (e.g., protein concentration or cell number).
Determine an amount of sample to load that will allow signal from a given target and internal loading control to be detected within the same linear range.
Ratio of two normalized values.
Examine, organize, and annotate slide images.
Multiwell Plate Experiment types include: In-Cell Western Assays (also used for On-Cell Western assays), ELISA, and Cell Analysis.
For a Western blot, normalization means the use of an internal loading control to mathematically correct for sample-to-sample and lane-to-lane variation in loading and transfer.
In an In-Cell Western Assay, normalization means the use of an internal control to mathematically correct for small, unavoidable differences in the number of cells between wells.
The normalized signal for each well is calculated by dividing the target signal for each well by the normalization factor for that well.
Analyze a nucleic acid gel image.
Using solvents or detergents to create openings in the cell membrane so that antibodies and stains can gain access to intracellular targets.
This is an abbreviation for Plaque Forming Units. The quantity or titer of a virus stock is expressed as plaque-forming units (PFU) per milliliter PFU/mL.
A value proportional to the amount of light collected from a single pixel.
Compare a specific modification of a target protein against all target protein (regardless of modification). This corrects for sample-to-sample and lane-to-lane variation in loading and transfer.
Projects contain Experiments. A Project is needed to begin analysis.
Analyze a protein gel image.
Use Qualitative Western Blot Experiment workflows for lane and band signal analysis.
A Western blot used to monitor changes in the relative abundance or modification of a target protein within a group of samples.
Makes relative comparisons between protein samples to accurately measure changes in protein expression.
Area with high average pixel intensity.
Ability to preferably bind the target antigen in the presence of other antigens.
Ability to preferably bind the target antigen in the presence of other antigens.
Ability to preferably bind the target antigen in the presence of other antigens.
Serological test used to detect the presence and magnitude of functional systemic antibodies that prevent infectivity of a virus.
Sum of the individual pixel intensity values (Total) for a quantification shape minus the background value.
Use the Signal Analysis workflow to analyze assays such as dot blots and slot blots.
Ability to recognize the target antigen.
Ability to recognize the target antigen.
Ability to recognize the target antigen.
Cells free-floating in a medium.
The protein you are interested in studying.
This is an abbreviation for Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50%. This is a value determined from the end-point dilution assay where half of the infected cells are positive for virus infection and half are not infected.
Repeated measurement used to establish the variability of a protocol or assay, and determine if an experimental effect is large enough to be reliably distinguished from noise in the assay.
A test performed on the same sample multiple times to establish the variability of a protocol or assay and to determine if an experimental effect is large enough to be distinguished from noise.
Sum of the individual pixel intensities enclosed by a quantification shape.
Membrane stain that does not covalently modify sample proteins and therefore does not affect antibody binding or quantification.
Compare a target protein to the total amount of sample protein in a lane to correct for sample-to-sample and lane-to-lane variation in loading and transfer.
Capacity of a virus to enter the host cell and exploit its resources to replicate and produce progeny infectious virus particles.
Visible region of cell destruction caused by a virus inoculated onto a monolayer of susceptible cells. After an incubation period to allow virus to attach to cells, the monolayer is covered with a nutrient medium containing a substance, usually agar, to restrict spread of progeny virus.
A process that results in the assembly of virus progeny in a host cell and the release of virus progeny from the host cell.